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Female Figure Drawing Tutorial
Chest and Torso
I am going to begin this
tutorial by addressing one of
the most commonly asked
questions that I receive: how
to draw women's breasts
(heh, I never thought I'd
actually be making a tutorial
about this.... ^_^). One of
the most important things
you should consider is to
make your subject look
natural; you can draw an
attractive female without
making her look like a
"silicon implant ad," as a
friend of mine put it. ^_^
The main problems people
seem to have with drawing
breasts are the shape and
the placement. A lot of
artists (professionals as well
as ametuers) make them
look like balloons that have
been taped onto the
subject's chest; this is hardly
a natural look. If you look
through figure drawing
books, you'll see that they
are more like halves of a
sphere or overturned
teacups rather than
balloons.
Now, note the position. Imagine a central guideline that runs down the center of your
subject's body, as shown at the left. The breasts are at 45 degree anglesfrom that
center line, and are about halfway down the chest (shown by the red diagonal
guidelines). Be very careful not to draw them too close together or too far apart, or
too high on the chest; these are commonly made mistakes. As you will see in
examples below, this basic rule of the 45 degree placement will apply to pretty much
whatever pose you are using.
Here is another pose, showing the torso from a front view. Note
how the breasts are still located at 45 degree angles from the
center line of the body. Oh, also take note of the shading. After
looking at various examples, I find that shading in this fashion
(rather than just following the lower curves as you would shade a
sphere) makes them look more natural.
Here is one last pose to go over the size and placement. It's harder
to see here, but the breasts are still at the 45 degree angle from the
center line (which isn't draw in this picture; sorry about that ^_^;).
Notice that the leftmost breast is drawn as a half-sphere, not as a full
sphere. If you want to exaggerate the size, that's your choice, but I
personally don't think its necessary.
Now, lets move on to the neck
and shoulders. When you draw
the shoulders, notice that they are
slope down smoothly, they aren't
flat. Try to take the musculature
structure of the neck and
shoulders into consideration,
especially if you are going for a
more realistic look. They should
be shaped more like a clothes
hanger, and not drawn flat an
hard.
Here are some
more examples
of various
shoulder
positions. Notice
that the
shoulders are
never drawn flat
and dull.
One more thing I wanted
to cover regarding the
torso is how to draw it if
an arm is lifted. ^_^ I
have personally found
this difficult sometimes,
so I figured it was a good
thing to go over. If the
arm is lifted, then the
back of the torso will be
exposed. Although a
female's torso isn't as
round and full as a
males, it should still stick
out in the back. Don't
make the upper torso too
narrow. Notice also how
the top of the right-most
breast doesn't just keep
curving inwards in a
circle; remember that it is
not a full sphere, so it is
attached to the muscles
of the shoulder.
Arms
Next, let's move on to the arms. The arms consist of three
basic sections: the upper arm, the foream, and the hand.
Each can be represented in prelimiary sketches by oval
shapes. Now, I know some people don't like using the
shapes; you do not have to do it this way, this is just one
possible way to go about sketching arms. Some books
recommend using cylinders, but it's better to use flat ovals
because they more closely match the shape of the arm. It
isn't shown here, but if the arms are held loosely at the
side, the hands should come down to the middle of the
thigh. The elbows should be at about waist length.
Once you have your basic shapes of the arms down, you
can refine them and make them look more realistic. This is
a little more difficult. ^_^ When drawing the arms, don't
make them straight and flat; arms have muscles, after all.
^_^ Never draw a straight arm as just a long cylinder
(unless you are doing a super-deformed/chibi pic). ^_^
The arm starts at the shoulder. Notice how the shoulder
bulges out slightly, then curves back down. The arm tapes
slightly inwards until you reach the elbow. At the elbow,
the arm widens again just after the elbow where the
biceps are (as shown in the topmost picture here). The
elbow itself can be a little daunting to draw. Remember
that the arm doesn't just start curving in the other
direction; there is a joint, and it should be shown (as in the
top and bottom left pic). There are more examples below.
Here are some more poses for arms, this
time showing how the parts of the arm
overlap. It is sometimes easier to visualize
the overlapping or foreshortening if you use
basic oval shapes first, but again, you do
not have to use them if you do not want to.
Notice how in the topmost picture, the arm
that is moving away from us tapers and
grows smaller the further away from us it is.
These poses are a little more difficult to
refine. It is very important that you pay close
attention to the way each par of the arm is
facing, and how the elbow is to be
positioned. Try to imagine the arm as two
different shapes stuck together: the
cylindrical upper arm, and the forearm,
which is sort of shaped like a bowling pin
with a bump on the bottom. ^_^ That should
help you in determining the position of the
elbow.
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