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BELARUSIAN PHRASE BOOK AND DICTIONARY
BIEŁARUSKI RAZMOŬNIK I SŁOŬNIK
БЕЛАРУСКІ РАЗМОЎНІК І СЛОЎНІК
Modelled after the Berlitz language guides
Written by Uładzimir Katkoŭski, 1999-2001
Guide to pronuniciation
This and the following chapter are intended to make you familiar with the phonetic transcription
(we use
Lacinka
-- the Belarusian Latin script for that purpose), and to help you to get used to
the sound of Belarusian.
Belarusian is one of the most phonetic of all European languages, and you should have little
trouble pronouncing Belarusian once youÓve got accustomed to its diacritical marks in Lacinka
or learn the Cyrillic alphabet.
The Belarusian language historically was written in two scripts: Cyrillic or Latin letters
(Lacinka). Currently the Cyrillic alphabet is dominating the scene, although Lacinka is still
surviving and it is probably easier to learn for English speakers. You should have very little
trouble with it especially if you are familiar with Czech or Polish alphabets. Here are the two
Belarusian alphabets:
Cyrillic Belarusian Alphabet
Аа Бб Вв Гг Ґґ Дд ДЖдж ДЗдз Ее Ёё Жж Зз Іі Йй Кк Лл Мм Нн Оо
Пп Рр Сс Тт Уу Ўў Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя
Latin Belarusian Aalphabet
Aa Bb Cc Ćć Čč Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Łł Mm Nn Ńń Oo Pp Rr
Ss Śś ÿĀ Tt Uu Ŭŭ Ww Yy Zz Źź āĂ
Below is the mapping of one alphabet to the other and the pronunciation of the letters.
Pronunciation of the Belarusian letters
Cyrillics
Lacinka
Pronunciation Cyrillics
Lacinka
Pronunciation
А а
A a
Ah
О о
O o
Oh
Б б
B b
Beh
П п
P p
Peh
В в
V v
Veh
Р р
R r
Er
Г г
H h
Heh
С с
S s
Es
Ґ ґ
G g
Geh
Сь сь
Ś ś
EsÓ
Д д
D d
Deh
Т т
T t
Teh
Дж дж
Dā dĂ
Dzheh
У у
U u
Oo
Дз дз
DZ dz
Dzeh
Ў ў
Ŭ ŭ
Oo (short)
Е е
Je or ie
*
Yeh
Ф ф
F f
Ef
Ё ё
Jo or io
*
Yoh
Х х
Ch ch
Kheh
Ж ж
ā Ă
Zheh
Ц ц
C c
Tseh (hard)
З з
Z z
Zeh
Ць ць
Ć ć
TsÓeh (soft)
Зь зь
Ź ź
Zyeh
Ч ч
Č č
Cheh
І і
I i
Ee
Ш ш
ÿ Ā
Sheh
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Й й
J j or ji
*
Short Ee Ы ы
Y y
Y
К к
K k
Kah
Ь ь
n/a
Soft sign
Л л
Ł ł
El (hard) Э э
E e
Eh
Ль ль
L l
ElÓ (soft) Ю ю
Ju or iu
*
Yuh
М м
M m
Ehm
Я я
Ja or ia
*
Yah
Н н
N n
Ehn (hard)
Ò
n/a
Apostrophe
Нь нь Ń ń
EhnÓ(soft)
*
- the spelling depends on the position of the letter which will be explained later.
Consonants (zyčnyja)
The pronuniciation of Belarusian consonants can be either ÐhardÑ or Ðsoft.Ñ Consonants are
ÐsoftÑ when followed by the vowels
я
(ia),
е
(ie),
і
(i),
ё
(io),
ю
(iu) or the Ðsoft signÑ
ь
(in
lacinka
there is no Ðsoft sign,Ñ but rather softness is shown either using small signs over the
consonants or by changing ÐjÑ into ÐiÑ in the vowels -- ja-ia, je-ie, jo-io, ju-iu).
Below you can find the list of consonant sounds and their approximate pronunciation. Many of
the sounds are not present in English, but this table should help you to pronounce the sounds so
that native speakers would be able to understand you easily.
Cyrillic Lacinka Approximate pronunciation
Example
б
b
like
b
in
b
it
b
aćka
б
ацька
в
v
like
v
in
v
ine
v
ulica
в
уліца
ґ
g
like
g
in
g
o
g
azeta
ґ
азэта
г
h
no equivalent sound. approx. like
h
in
h
ow
h
urok
г
урок
д
d
like
d
in
d
o
d
obra
д
обра
дж
dĂ
like
j
in
j
ourney
d
Ăała
дж
ала
дзь
dź
no equivalent sound. approx. like
ds
in rai
ds
dz
ie
дз
е
ж
Ă
like
s
in plea
s
ure
Ă
art
ж
арт
з
z
like
z
in
z
oo
z
achad
з
ахад
зь
ź
no equivalent sound; it is a soft
palatalized
z
that sounds in between
z
and
zh
.
ź
miest
зь
мест
к
k
like
k
in
k
itten
k
ava
к
ава
л
ł
like
l
in
l
ady
ł
yĂka
л
ыжка
ль
l
soft l (like in German) or
l
in
l
emon
l
ustra
л
юстра
м
m
like
m
in
m
y
m
aci
м
аці
н
n
like
n
in
n
ot
n
azva
н
азва
нь
ń
like
n
in
n
ear
pryvita
ńn
ie
прывіта
ньн
е
п
p
like
p
in
p
ot
p
akoj
п
акой
р
r
trilled r (like a Scottish
r
)
r
ada
р
ада
с
s
like
s
in
s
un
s
am
с
ам
сь
ś
no equivalent sound;
it is a soft palatalized
s
that sounds
in between
s
and
sh
ś
viata
сь
вята
т
t
like
t
in
t
ip
t
ak
т
ак
ў
ŭ
like
w
in
w
indow
a
ŭ
tar а
ў
тар
ф
f
like
f
in
f
ace
f
ryzura
ф
рызура
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х
ch
like
ch
in Scottish lo
ch
ch
mara
х
мара
ц
c
like
ts
in ca
ts
c
ybula
ц
ыбуля
ць
ć
no corresponding sound in English;
it is a soft palatalized
ts
c
ikava
ц
ікава
ч
č
hard
ch
that sounds like a
combination of
t
and
sh
č
akać
ч
акаць
ш
Ā
like
sh
in
sh
ut
Ā
kada
ш
када
Note: Like in most other Slavic languages voiced consonants are pronounced voiceless at the end
of the word, e.g. in
zub
(sounds like ÐzoopÑ),
kryĂ
(sounds like ÐkryshÑ),
brud
(sounds like
ÐbrutÑ). Soft palatalized consonants (
ć
,
ś
,
ź
,
dź
) probably will be the most difficult to master.
There are similar palatalized sounds in the Polish language, so it will be helpful if you are
familiar with Polish. If the consonants
c
,
s
,
z
,
dz
are followed by the vowel
i
, they become
palatalized (softened), although there is no soft mark above the letter; the letter
i
already implies
that the consonant is soft (for example,
zi
ma,
si
ła,
dzi
rka). Also Belarusian Ð
h
Ñ may require
some practice. It is helpful if you are familiar with Ukrainian or Czech because they have a very
similar fricative Ð
h
Ñ sound.
Vowels (hałosnyja)
Cyrillics Lacinka Approximatepronunciation
Example
а
a
between the
a
in c
a
t and the
u
in c
u
t
a
le
а
ле
е
je or ie like
ye
in
ye
t
dz
ie
дз
е
ё
jo or io like
yo
in
yo
nder
jo
n
ё
н
i
i
like
ee
in s
ee
i
chny
і
хны
й
j
like
y
in ga
y
or bo
y
. It is a semi-
vowel, i.e. always combined with a
full vowel.
so
j
m со
й
м
о
o
like
o
in h
o
t.
v
o
ka в
о
ка
у
u
like
oo
in b
oo
t
v
u
lica в
у
ліца
ы
y
a ÐdarkÑ hard
i
, like the
i
in Chr
i
s
jan
y
ян
ы
э
e
like
e
in m
e
t
h
e
ta г
э
та
ю
ju or iu like
u
in d
u
ke
ju
nak
ю
нак
я
ja or ia like
ya
in
ya
rd
ja
ki
я
кі
Note: Whenever vowels
je
,
jo
,
ju
,
ja
are placed at the beginning of a word (like in
jon
,
jany
,
junak
) or they are placed after a vowel (like in
majo
,
opijum
,
bielaja
) they are spelled with
j
.
After the soft consonants they are spelled with
i
:
ie
,
io
,
iu
,
ia
(like in
dzie
,
miod
,
miasa
). The
only exception is when the preceding letter is the soft
l
. Since
l
is a soft consonant by definition,
you do not need to show softness by placing an extra
i
. Thus, the word
lod
is pronounced as
liod
, and
lamant
is pronounced as
liamant
, although they are spelled without the extra
i
.
Other letters (in
Ā
yja litary)
ь
Î Ðsoft signÑ makes the preceding consonant soft. In lacinka there is no explicit letter for
Ðsoft sign,Ñ but the softness is expressed through the diacritical marks:
ć
,
ś
,
ń
,
ź
. For example,
сьнег
in Cyrillic letters and
śnieg
in lacinka.
Ò
Î ÐapostrafÑ (apostrophe) is used between two parts of a compound word in the Cyrillic script
to show that the pronunciation of the word should incorporate a clear separation of the two parts.
For example:
сямÓя
,
абÓект
. In lacinka there is no apostrophe, and the separation is shown by
BELARUSIAN PHRASE BOOK AND DICTIONARY
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changing
ÐiÑ
into
ÐjÑ
in front of the vowel, e.g. you must spell
siamja
instead of
siamia
, and
abjekt
instead of
abiekt
.
Diphtongs (dyftongi)
The following stressed dyphtongs exist in Belarusian:
Cyrillics Lacinka Approximatepronunciation
Example
ай
aj
like
igh
in s
igh
r
aj
р
ай
яй
jaj
like the previous sound, but
preceded by
y
in
y
es
stol
aj
стол
яй
ой
oj
like
oy
in b
oy
s
oj
m с
ой
м
ей
jej
like
ya
in
Ya
tes
hl
ej
гл
ей
эй
ej
like
ey
in pr
ey
r
ej
ka р
эй
ка
ый
yj
like
i
in Chr
i
s followed by the
y
in
y
es
kr
yj
кр
ый
уй
uj
like
oo
in g
oo
d followed by the
y
in
y
es
paps
uj
папс
уй
юй
juj
like the previous sound, but
preceded by a short y-sound
habl
uj
габл
юй
аў
aŭ
like
ou
in cl
ou
d
k
aŭ
nier к
аў
нер
яў
jaŭ
like the previous sound, but
preceded by a short y-sound
pal
aŭ
ničy пал
яў
нічы
оў
oŭ
like
ow
in r
ow
kr
oŭ
кр
оў
еў
jeŭ
like ye in yet followed by the w-
sound (like
w
in
w
indow)
śp
eŭ
сьп
еў
эў
eŭ
like
e
in b
e
t followed by w-sound
kr
eŭ
ny кр
эў
ны
ыў
yŭ
like
i
in Chr
i
s followed by w-sound abr
yŭ
абр
ыў
уў
uŭ
like like
oo
in g
oo
d followed by w-
sound
kran
uŭ
кран
уў
Stress (nacisk)
Stress in Belarusian is irregular and must simpy be learned. The only helpful clue is that letter
o
exists
only
under stress, so whenever the stress is on some other syllable it changes into
a
. This
pecularity is called
akańnie
(Ðspeech with aÑ). So, whenever you see letter
o
, you already know
where to put the stress in that word. Apart from ÐakańnieÑ there are other patterns according to
which vowels change whenever they are not stressed. Words may be stressed differently in the
plural form; e.g.
vakn`o
(window), but
v`okny
(windows).
Note: Letters in
bold
print should be read with more stress (longer) than the others. WedonÓt
show stress for one-syllable words.
Some basic expressions (kolki asno
ŭ
nych vyraza
ŭ
)
Yes / No
Tak / Nie
Так / Не
Please
Kali
las
ka
Калі
лас
ка
Thank you
Dzia
kuj
Дзя
куй
BELARUSIAN PHRASE BOOK AND DICTIONARY
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Thank you very much
Via
li
ki
dzia
kuj
Вя
лі
кі
дзя
куй
ThatÓs all right / You are
welcome
Nia
ma
za Āto
Ня
ма
за што
Excuse me / Sorry!
Pra
bač
cie! Da
ruj
cie!
Pierapra
Āa
ju!
Пра
бач
це! Да
руй
це!
Перапра
ша
ю!
May I...
Daz
vol
cie...
Даз
воль
це...
Greetings (Pryvitańni)
Good morning
Dobraj
ra
nicy!
Доб
рай
ран
іцы!
Good afternoon
Dzień
dob
ry / Dab
ry
dzień Дзень
доб
ры/ Даб
ры
дзень
Good evening
Dobry
vie
čar
Доб
ры
ве
чар!
Good night
Dab
ra
nač
Даб
ра
нач
Goodbye
Da paba
čeń
nia
Да паба
чэнь
ня
Hello!
Pryvi
ta
ńnie!
Прыві
тань
не!
Hi! (informal)
Zda
ro
ŭ! Zda
ro
va!
Зда
роў
! Зда
ро
ва!
See you later
Paba
čy
msia
Па
ба
чымся
See you! (informal)
Pa
kul
!
Па
куль
!
Pleased to meet you
Pry
jem
na pazna
jo
micca Пры
ем
на пазна
ём
іцца
WhatÓs your name?
Jak vas zvać? / Jak vas
kli
čuć?
Як вас зваць? / Як вас
клі
чуць?
My name is...
Mianie za
vuć
... / Mianie
kli
čuć...
Мя
не
за
вуць
... / Мя
не
клі
чуць...
This is Mr./Mrs./Ms....
Heta spa
dar
/ spa
da
rynia /
spada
ry
čna...
Гэ
та спа
дар
/ спа
дар
ыня /
спада
рыч
на...
How are you?
Jak
spra
vy?
Як
спра
вы?
Very well, thanks. And
you?
Viel
mi
dob
ra,
dzia
kuj. A ŭ
vas?
Вель
мі
доб
ра,
дзя
куй! А ў
вас?
How is life?
Jak
ma
jeciesia? / Jak
Ăyć
cio
?
Як
ма
ецеся? / Як жыць
цё
?
WhatÓs new?
ÿto ču
va
ć?
Што чу
ваць
?
Excellent
Vy
dat
na
Вы
дат
на
Fine
Dob
ra / Cu
doŭ
na /
Faj
na
Доб
ра / Цу
доў
на /
Фай
на
So-so
Nia
viel
mi / Tak sabie Ня
вель
мі / Так са
бе
Bad
Dren
na /
Kiep
ska
Дрэ
нна /
Кеп
ска
Excuse me
Pra
bač
cie / Vyba
ča
jusia Пра
бач
це / Выба
ча
юся
Questions (Pytańni)
Where?
Dzie?
Дзе?
How?
Jak?
Як?
When?
Ka
li
?
Ка
лі
?
What?
ÿto?
Што?
Why?
Ča
mu
?
Ча
му
?
Who?
Chto?
Хто?
Which?
Ja
ki
? Ka
to
ry?
Я
кі
? Ка
то
ры?
Where is...?
Dzie (jość)...?
Дзе (ёсьць)...?
Where to?
Ku
dy
?
Ку
ды
?
Where from?
Ad
kul
? Skul?
Ад
куль
? Скуль?
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